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READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26,
which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Playing Soccer
A Street soccer, as its name implies, is an informal
variation of the sport, often played on the street, particularly in urban
areas. There are many reasons for the widespread popularity of street soccer.
Unlike youth soccer, its more formally organized counterpart, no large space is
needed, and goal posts, corner markers, and marked lines, associated with the
formal game, are typically absent, as are game officials or referees. Another
attraction of street soccer is that it is played frequently and competitively,
but does not necessarily require standard 11-a-side teams or fixed playing
positions. Unlike in youth soccer, inexperienced street soccer players rarely
learn from repetitive technical and tactical drills. Instead, they learn from
their poor performance in competition, unconscious of the skills they are
nonetheless developing, and without older adults or coaches present. Players
learn without effort through playing the game and soon attain an almost natural
feeling for the sport.
B However, there are lots of cities in the world
today where conditions are such that street soccer is no longer possible.
Congested traffic now dominates where games were once played. Parks and open
fields are used as hangouts for older teenagers with other interests. Add to
this the requirement in many localities for official permits to use public
spaces and the managed schedules that many young people have today, and
spontaneous play of any kind is hard to imagine.
C In spite of all these obstacles, which are probably
solvable in most instances, there is another sociological explanation of why in
many places street soccer doesn't enjoy the same popularity it once did. In his
book How Soccer Explains the World, US writer Franklin Foer observes: "But
for all the talk of freedom, the 1960s parenting style had a far less relaxed
side too. Like the 1960s consumer movement which brought seat belts and airbags
to cars, the (youth) soccer movement felt like it could create a set of...
regulations that would protect both the child's body and mind from damage.
Soccer leagues like the one I played in as a child handed out 'participation'
prizes to every player, no matter how few games his (or her) team won. Where
most of the world accepts the practice of using your head to hit the ball as an
essential element of the game, some (youth) soccer parents have worried over
the potential for injury to the brain. An entire industry grew up to
manufacture protective headgear... Even though very little medical evidence
supports this fear, some youth leagues prohibited heading the ball
altogether."
D A growing body of people don't believe street
soccer involves a legitimate educational method. They argue that children need
to be taught by experts. Youth soccer instruction now begins with
four-year-olds, so that they will have an advantage as six-year-olds. This need
to get ahead brings with it a fear of falling behind that only expert
instruction can prevent. This type of instruction leaves no room for the trial
and error approach of street soccer.
E One of the basic ideas of street soccer is that
young players are assigned a particular role by a better player and are
expected to play for the good of the team. Such an assignment runs counter to
the idea of youth soccer that every child needs to learn every position and
will benefit from doing so. In street soccer, you fill the role that you are
best suited to at a particular time. While this role assignment can change from
game to game, the purpose is always the same: to get the best out of each
individual at any given moment.
F In street soccer, children have to learn patience,
to wait their turn, to realize that they are not entitled to make decisions, or
even be listened to simply because they show up. Positions of responsibility
are earned through competition within the team. Younger players in street
soccer must wait to attain those positions. In youth soccer, however, with its
overly democratic values, youngsters are guaranteed their time in the
spotlight. Whether it's their turn to be captain, to play a central position,
or to take a crucial shot, youth soccer players come to believe that hard work
and patience aren’t really necessary.
G Not only does every youth soccer player get a
chance, it is assumed that each individual has played well. “Everyone’s a
winner, no one’s a loser” is a guiding principle of youth soccer. This ensures
each individual goes away feeling positive about themselves. No one can leave a
game or a practice feeling bad. But, if there really are no losers, then why
try at all? Since giving less than your best receives the same reward as giving
your best, why go to any extra effort?
In street soccer, every game results in a winner and a
loser, and everyone knows who is who. Losing a game is a common experience, and
players learn early on how to handle this. As a result, unlike most youth
soccer players, they acquire resilience.
A further difference between these two strands of soccer is
that in street soccer a formal record is not kept. You can lose one day and win
the next. The results are only temporary and are forgotten within minutes of
the end of the match. But in organized youth soccer, the position each person
plays and the results are formally noted and maintained throughout a season.
Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A-G.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-19 on
your answer sheet.
14. a contrast between the ways young players gain
experience of playing different positions
15. examples outside sport of greater emphasis on
individual safety
16. a description of methods of selection for leadership
on soccer teams
17. details of urban changes that discourage street
soccer
18. a mention of the lesson that failure teaches street
soccer players
19. an explanation of why youth soccer emphasises the
need for coaches
Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and 21 on your
answer sheet.
The list below gives some possible reasons for the
popularity of street soccer.
Which TWO of these reasons are mentioned by the
writer of the text?
A Many famous soccer players got their start in street
soccer.
B Young people can begin playing street soccer at a
very early age.
C You do not need elaborate facilities to play street
soccer.
D Inexperienced street soccer players are not criticised
for mistakes.
E Street soccer teams can have varying numbers of players.
Questions 22 and 23
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your
answer sheet.
The list below gives some possible results of the 1960s
parenting style.
Which TWO of these results are mentioned by
Franklin Foer in the excerpt from How Soccer Explains the World?
A Participation in youth soccer became much more
expensive.
B Some youth soccer leagues adopted more restrictive
rules of play.
C Fewer young people joined youth soccer teams.
D Youth soccer players were sometimes rewarded for
simply playing in games.
E Soccer equipment manufacturers directed advertising
towards parents.
Questions 24-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
Winners and losers
For youth soccer players, a key 24______ is that they
should always come away from the game with a positive attitude. In this
respect, regardless of the effort the players make, they get some kind of 25______
at the end of a game.
Here’s the answer key with exact section locations for Reading Passage 2: “Playing Soccer.”
Each answer includes the correct letter/word and a brief location reference from the passage.
Questions 14–19
| Q | Answer | Location / Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 14 | E | Paragraph E: contrasts street soccer (players assigned fixed roles) with youth soccer (each child learns all positions). |
| 15 | C | Paragraph C: mentions 1960s consumer movement with “seat belts and airbags” as examples of growing safety awareness. |
| 16 | F | Paragraph F: describes leadership earned by competition — “positions of responsibility are earned… younger players must wait.” |
| 17 | B | Paragraph B: explains how “congested traffic,” “permits,” and “managed schedules” make spontaneous street soccer difficult. |
| 18 | A | Paragraph A: says players “learn from their poor performance in competition… and soon attain a natural feeling for the sport.” |
| 19 | D | Paragraph D: explains belief that children “need to be taught by experts” and that “instruction leaves no room for trial and error.” |
Questions 20–21
Which TWO reasons are mentioned for the popularity of street soccer?
| Q | Answer | Location / Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | C | Paragraph A: “no large space is needed… goal posts, corner markers… are absent.” |
| 21 | E | Paragraph A: “does not necessarily require standard 11-a-side teams or fixed playing positions.” |
Questions 22–23
Which TWO results of 1960s parenting style are mentioned by Franklin Foer?
| Q | Answer | Location / Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 22 | B | Paragraph C: “some youth leagues prohibited heading the ball altogether” — shows restrictive rules. |
| 23 | D | Paragraph C: “handed out ‘participation’ prizes to every player, no matter how few games his team won.” |
Questions 24–26
Complete the summary below (ONE WORD ONLY):
| Q | Answer | Location / Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 24 | principle | Paragraph G: “Everyone’s a winner, no one’s a loser is a guiding principle of youth soccer.” |
| 25 | reward | Paragraph G: “giving less than your best receives the same reward as giving your best.” |
| 26 | record | Final lines of Paragraph G: “a formal record is not kept.” |
✅ Final Answers Summary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 14 | E |
| 15 | C |
| 16 | F |
| 17 | B |
| 18 | A |
| 19 | D |
| 20 | C |
| 21 | E |
| 22 | B |
| 23 | D |
| 24 | principle |
| 25 | reward |
| 26 | record |
PASSWORD: IELTS2
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