Question
Nowadays some countries encourage people to buy more and more products, which is good for the economy. While others believe it is bad for society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
In many nations, consumerism is actively promoted with the belief that increased purchasing fuels economic development. However, some argue that this trend leads to negative societal consequences such as materialism and environmental damage. While consumer spending can certainly boost the economy, I believe excessive promotion of consumption can be harmful to both individuals and the broader society in the long run.
Starting off with the positive viewpoint, advocates argue that high levels of consumer spending stimulate economic growth. When people buy more goods and services, it increases demand, which leads to more production, job creation, and higher tax revenues. For example, during festive seasons or sales periods, retail businesses experience a surge in income, which helps maintain business profitability and national GDP. Moreover, encouraging people to spend also supports small and local businesses, keeping them afloat in competitive markets. Thus, consumerism is seen as an engine of economic progress.
On the other hand, critics believe that pushing people to constantly buy more promotes a culture of materialism and debt. In other words, when people are encouraged to spend beyond their means, it often leads to financial stress and overreliance on credit. Additionally, overconsumption harms the environment by increasing waste and exploiting natural resources. For instance, the fashion industry thrives on this consumer culture, leading to massive textile waste and pollution. I agree with this view, as prioritising consumption over sustainability creates long-term problems for both society and the planet.
To conclude, although increased purchasing activity contributes to economic expansion, I believe the negative impact on personal well-being and environmental sustainability outweighs the benefits. A more balanced approach that supports both economic growth and responsible consumption is necessary.
📚 Vocabulary & Collocations
| Phrase / Collocation | Meaning / Usage |
|---|---|
| Consumerism | The practice of increasing consumption of goods and services |
| Stimulate economic growth | Boost or support the economy |
| Materialism | Excessive focus on possessions and material wealth |
| Overconsumption | Using more resources than necessary |
| Economic expansion | Growth in the size and output of the economy |
| Financial stress | Emotional strain caused by money problems |
| Environmentally harmful practices | Actions that negatively affect the environment |
| Promote responsible consumption | Encourage mindful and sustainable purchasing |
| Short-term gain vs long-term harm | Temporary benefits vs lasting damage |
| Engine of economic progress | A driving force for economic development |
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