📝 Question
In the future, it is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than younger people in many countries. Is this a positive or negative development?
✅ Sample Answer
In the coming decades, many nations are likely to witness a demographic shift where the elderly population outnumbers the younger generation. While some view this as a natural sign of improved healthcare and longer life expectancy, I believe it poses more challenges than benefits for both the economy and society.
One major concern is the growing strain on the healthcare system and public finances. Older people typically require more medical attention and long-term care, which can place an immense burden on hospitals and social welfare programs. For instance, countries like Japan are already facing difficulties in allocating resources to meet the demands of their ageing population. Additionally, a shrinking workforce means fewer taxpayers to support pension schemes and healthcare funding, resulting in financial pressure on governments and working-age citizens.
Moreover, a society with a larger elderly population may struggle with innovation and productivity. Young individuals are often the driving force behind technological advancements, entrepreneurship, and digital transformation. If fewer young people are available in the labour market, countries may experience slower economic growth and reduced global competitiveness. For example, industries such as IT, which depend heavily on youthful energy and creativity, may suffer from a shortage of fresh talent.
However, it is important to acknowledge some positive aspects. Older individuals possess a wealth of experience, wisdom, and skills that can contribute significantly to society if leveraged properly. For example, many retirees engage in volunteering, mentorship, and part-time consultancy, thereby staying active and continuing to add value to their communities.
In conclusion, although an ageing population can bring certain social benefits, I believe that the overall consequences are largely negative. Governments must address these challenges by encouraging higher birth rates, improving work opportunities for older adults, and adapting social systems to cope with demographic change.
🎯 Useful Vocabulary & Collocations
| Vocabulary / Collocation | Meaning / Usage |
|---|---|
| Demographic shift | A change in the population structure |
| Ageing population | Increasing proportion of older individuals in a population |
| Healthcare burden | Pressure on medical services and infrastructure |
| Shrinking workforce | Decreasing number of working-age individuals |
| Pension schemes | Retirement income programs funded by the government or employers |
| Global competitiveness | A country’s ability to compete in the international market |
| Technological advancements | Progress in science and technology |
| Wealth of experience | A large amount of knowledge gained over time |
| Volunteering and mentorship | Supporting others through unpaid work and guidance |
| Address the challenge | Take action to solve a difficult issue |
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